Fathers will ask me from time to time how they can monitor their child support payments to make sure the money will be used for the children’s expenses and not the mother’s expenses.  Some of the money would have to be allocated to common expenses like rent, utilities, food and transportation.  Others would be direct expenses like clothing.  It seems to me that this would be an accounting nightmare so I recommend against it.

Some fathers want me to raise the issue with the court.  I tell them about the equitable doctrine of “De minimis non curat lex” (”The law does not bother with trifles”).  Judges are barely keeping up with the cases they have, and simply don’t have the time or inclination to monitor monthly expenditures in a child support case.

The court will take action if a child is being neglected, typically by changing custody.  But short of that, mothers do not have to report how child support is spent.  For a mother’s perspective on this, see this article by Christina Rowe.

Question:

My wife says she is leaving and taking the kids.  I don’t want her to.  What do I do?

Answer:

First, tell her that she can go, but the kids stay.  You have joint legal custody and joint physical custody until and unless the court says otherwise.  You have the right to pick them up from school or any other place she takes them.

Second, call your lawyer.  He or she will try to reach a written agreement with your wife’s attorney about the children, even if it is a temporary one.  The agreement will cover who lives where, how much time each party spends with the children and how the bills will get paid.

Third, if you can’t reach an agreement, then you can petition the court for a custody and access order.  This will usually involve legal fees, pleadings and a hearing.

1.  You Might Lose. Half of the people that go to court lose.  In every case, there is a winner and a loser.  And even if you win, you may lose, because of attorney fees and other costs, like the lasting acrimony and damage that a trial can cause.

2.  Trials Are Expensive. Trials involve enormous expense, time and uncertainty.  You have to take time off from work.  Lawyers and expert witnesses may cost thousands of dollars.  You are spending your kid’s college money.

3.  Lawyer Time is Not the Same as Real People Time. The system is slow.  It takes a long time to get to trial and the judges do not always rule at the end of the case.  They may take a case under advisement at the end of the trial, which means they want to think about it.  Then you may not get the result for weeks or months.  And then there are the appeals.

4.  Judges Are Not Trained for This. Psychologists, psychiatrists and social workers are trained in human behavior.  Many mental health professionals have expertise in custody evaluations.  Judges on the other hand are lawyers.

5.  Decisions Are Being Made by a Stranger. Judges are strangers to your life and marriage and they are called upon to make a decision after hearing only a few hours or a few days of testimony about a marriage that may have lasted for years.

6.  There Is No Lie Detector at the Bench. There is no truth detector at the judge’s bench.  The courthouse is not a fairness store.  It is a decision store.  One party wins and one party loses.  Judges are only human, they are not perfect, and the winning party is not always the deserving party.

7.  Judges Are Limited in What They Can Do. They are also limited by the legislature in how they must rule.  Private agreements between the parties are not.  You can be much more creative than the judge can.

8.  Judges Are Not Perfect. Judges are only human and they make mistakes.  We pay them to make decisions, and resolve disputes, not to be all knowing.  Sometimes they make the wrong decisions.  Do not think because you are right, that you will win.

9.  Even When You Win, You Lose. Custody trials can be very destructive to relationships.  Children are put in the middle. After the trial, you still have years to raise children with the mother.  You may have won the battle but lost the war.

While many clients think the trial resolves everything, most lawyers know that is not the case.  If the mother of your children was difficult before the trial, the trial is not going to make her into a different person.   She will still be difficult, you will have disputes regarding the children and you will need to resolve them somehow.

The court has the power to enforce its orders or the agreement of the parties.  So the court can order a mother to allow visitation or can order a father to pay child support.  However, the court will only do this if one of the parties asks it to do so by filing a petition.  The other party will then have an opportunity to respond and a hearing to present their side to the judge.

It is always better to resolve disputes yourselves if possible.   If you have a settlement agreement, you can include a provision that disputes will be submitted to mediation before taking the other party back to court.

You can also include a Parenting Coordinator in an agreement.  This would be someone that the parties can take their disputes to and let them make a decision.  This is less costly and time consuming than litigation.

If you cannot resolve your dispute through one of these methods, then you must go back to court and ask the judge to decide.  In some cases, it may be like trying your case all over again.  In addition to resolving post-trial disputes, the court has the power to modify legal custody, physical custody, timesharing and child support after the trial, if circumstances change and the modification would be in the best interests of the child.

Every judge sees it differently. If the judge’s father abandoned his family and the judge’s mother slaved day and night to help her son through law school, then the judge will have a hard time understanding why a father should have custody. The mother does not have an automatic edge in litigation. Fathers win in a lot of litigated cases.

There are certain doctrines and presumptions (but not inflexible rules or requirements) which aid the court in determining the best interest of the child:

1. Parental rights. Parents must be shown to be unfit before the children will be given to someone else, such as grandparents.

2. Continuity of placement. If children are doing well where they are, do not mess things up by moving them.

3. Children’s preference. A judge will consider who the children want to live with. The judge may talk to the child in private and may talk to a child younger than fourteen years of age. The judge is not bound by what the child wants.

4. Other. The court can consider the custodian’s age, health, wealth, religious beliefs, conduct, type of home, psychological evaluations; the location of the residences of the child’s siblings; the child’s school performance; or anything else the court considers important.
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By Jill H. Breslau

Language can impact our thinking and behavior. Language in statutes regarding custody, for example, can influence –if only in a subtle way—how we perceive our relationship to our children.

For example, in Maryland, where I practice now, and many other states, custody of your own children is described as a right. As a parent, you have a right to the companionship of your children, you have the right to teach and guide them, to nurture them, to direct, and control their behavior. You have the right to decide where your children go to school, whether and where they attend religious services, what kind of medical treatment they receive and from whom. In Maryland, custody may be shared or sole, and the other parent may be awarded access or visitation.

In Florida, where I used to practice, and in several other states, the “custody” and “rights” language has been deliberately replaced by different vocabulary with a different perspective. Parents in Florida are not awarded custody. Instead, parents have responsibility for their children, and parental responsibility, at divorce, can be shared by both parents or can be delegated to one parent alone. With shared parental responsibility, parents share time with their children and both parents are entitled to have full information about the children and to share in major decision-making for the children. Sole parental responsibility is awarded only when sharing would be detrimental to a child.

I believe the difference in language—rights versus responsibilities—impacts the way we approach custody in divorce. If we believe in our rights, then we have to fight for them, and we have to win them. Our children, on some level, are perceived as objects to be gained or lost. There is a sense of ownership, rather than relationship.

On the other hand, if we perceive that we are undertaking responsibilities to our children, we may be more cautious about considering what is really best for them. We may be more focused on how we can accomplish the tasks associated with child-rearing than on establishing our parenting superiority.

“In 85% of divorces, fathers get just two weekends a month and a couple of hours during the week.” — Mike McCormick of the American Coalition for Fathers and Children.

With the divorce and custody trial of Christie Brinkley vs. Peter Cook in the news, the Intelligence Report at Parade Magazine is asking if divorce courts are anti-dad and is taking a survey on this question:

“Should divorced dads get equal time with their kids?”

Parade notes that up to half of fathers lose contact with their kids after a divorce even with a trend toward shared custody over the past twenty years.

Proportional time is a new legal trend according to Jennifer Rosato of Philadelphia’s Drexel University School of Law, where “the custody decision is based on the time dads spent with their children before the divorce, rather than presuming that dads have, and want, limited involvement with their kids.”

But, says McCormick, “Courts want a check first and a relationship second.”

As a father, you have certain rights and responsibilities with respect to your children. You do not need a court order to obtain your rights as a father. You already have them. They are guaranteed by the United States Constitution and the laws of your state. Until and unless a court rules otherwise, your rights as a father and as a parent include the right to:

• be an influence in your children’s lives, be involved, interact, and spend time with them;
• love and nurture your children without harassment from the other parent;
• decide where your children will live;
• participate in the parenting of your children;
• see the school and medical records of your children;
• attend and participate in your children’s extra-curricular activities;
• have the custody, care and control of your children;
• select your children’s school and determine whether it will be home, public, or private;
• determine your children’s religious faith and practices;
• determine your children’s doctors, dentist, and medical treatment;
• follow your own beliefs and parenting style during your time with the children without interference from the other parent;
• guide and discipline your children; and,
• decide what is best for your children.

In addition to your rights, you also have certain duties, obligations and responsibilities, too. As a father and a parent, you have the responsibility to:

• support your children;
• provide them with food, shelter, and clothing;
• see that they obtain appropriate medical treatment;
• provide access to their schooling;
• protect them from harm and neglect;
• foster their relationship with their other parent; and
• give them all the love, nurturing and encouragement you possibly can.